Here’s my essay on the Guilded Age that I wrote for my US History course:
The captains of industry were men who managed to become successful at business. These men worked hard to earn their positions as leaders in their industry, but most used business practices which were less than admirable, especially for anybody wanting to be worthy of the title “captain.” These men were robber barons.
Of course, not all business men were evil. H. J. Heinz was an example of a fine, upstanding business man who attempted to both provide his customers with pure food, and provide his employees with healthy work environments. His motto was, “To do a common thing uncommonly well brings success.” This is one of the most admirable business practices that a company can strive to maintain. No matter how you attempt to view Heinz he stands out as one of the best examples of a captain of industry, but unfortunately, he was one of only a few.
A look past Heinz will immediately draw one’s attention to Cornelius Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt started in business by beginning a ferry company. His cutthroat competition gave him almost complete control of New York’s waterways, but the Civil War made running ferries a risky business, so he moved into railroads. He began buying out railroads in New York, which isn’t a bad practice, but his takeover of New York’s Central Railroad shows that Vanderbilt was wasn’t fond of friendly buy outs. Unable to convince Central to sell, Vanderbilt stopped all traffic on his rail lines, which supplied to Central’s lines, effectively boxing them in and forcing the company into such a desperate financial situation that Central’s stock holders had no choice but to sell. This type of business practice was typical of Vanderbilt and many of the other “captains of industry.”
One such “captain of industry,” Andrew Carnegie, must be mentioned here because of the simple fact that he is usually pointed to as one of the admirable business men of this time period. Advocates of this view point to the fact that Carnegie was fond of giving his money to charitable organizations, particularly those of an educational nature. While it is true that Carnegie gave his money for good causes, he cannot be excused from the fact that he gained his money through monopolistic practices. His use of vertical integration (controlling a portion of each part of an industry), advocation of Social Darwinism (which used “survival of the fittest” as justification for undesirable business practices), and then eventually selling his company to J. P. Morgan (who was known for creating monopolies and destroying competition) all indicate that this “admirable business man” was just a robber in captain’s clothing.
These three men show the main divisions of business men at this time: true captain of industry, robber baron, and robber in captain’s clothing. Unfortunately, most business men fell into the last two categories. This age stands out as a warning to us today about business and the evils that an overwhelming desire for money and a denial of Biblical principles can bring.

